1638 年,伽利略提出了一个问题:“小球从 A 点降至 B 点的最快路径是什么?”他给出的答案是直线斜坡,这虽然是距离最短的路径,但并非耗时最少。伽利略指出圆弧路径更快。而真正的答案(摆线)直到 1696 年才由伯努利发现。

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