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Who Can Evaluate AI Independently? A Framework for Analysing Evaluation Infrastructure

This paper introduces PAAI (Power, Access, Adequacy, Independence), a framework for analyzing who controls AI evaluation infrastructure and how that shapes independent evaluation. Applying it to African AI evaluation projects and joint testing exercises of AI Safety Institutes, it identifies patterns of extractive collaboration, dependent innovation, and constrained independence. The findings show that participation in evaluations does not automatically confer authority over design, execution, or resources.

AI evaluationAI governancepower dynamics